What histologic feature distinguishes elastic cartilage from hyaline cartilage?

• A. Elastic Cartilage Shows Numerous Elastic Fibers in the Matrix; Hyaline Cartilage Has a Homogeneous Glassy Matrix with Sparse Fibers
• B. Elastic Cartilage Lacks Perichondrium; Hyaline Has Perichondrium
• C. Hyaline Cartilage Has Elastic Fibers; Elastic Lacks Collagen
• D. Both Are Histologically Identical

Answer: (A)

The key histologic difference is the composition of the extracellular matrix. Elastic cartilage contains a dense network of elastic fibers within its matrix, which can be highlighted with special stains and gives the tissue more elasticity. Hyaline cartilage, on the other hand, has a smooth, homogeneous (glassy) matrix with sparse or no elastic fibers, composed mainly of type II collagen and proteoglycans. This contrast in matrix fibers is what makes elastic cartilage distinguishable from hyaline cartilage: elastic cartilage shows numerous elastic fibers in the matrix, while hyaline cartilage has a glassy, fiber-poor matrix. The presence of perichondrium can occur with both, so that feature is not the distinguishing factor here.