Which CNS cell acts as the resident macrophage and clears debris?

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Study for the NBME Histology Test. Access flashcards and multiple choice questions, each with hints and explanations. Prepare effectively for your exam!

Multiple Choice

Which CNS cell acts as the resident macrophage and clears debris?

Explanation:
Microglia are the resident macrophages of the CNS. They originate from yolk sac precursors that migrate into the brain early in development and continually survey the neural tissue. When there is injury or infection, microglia become activated and take on an amoeboid, phagocytic form to clear debris, dead cells, and excess material, helping to restore homeostasis and limit damage. Other glial cells have different roles: astrocytes support neurons, maintain the blood–brain barrier, and form glial scar after injury; oligodendrocytes produce CNS myelin; ependymal cells line the ventricles and help circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

Microglia are the resident macrophages of the CNS. They originate from yolk sac precursors that migrate into the brain early in development and continually survey the neural tissue. When there is injury or infection, microglia become activated and take on an amoeboid, phagocytic form to clear debris, dead cells, and excess material, helping to restore homeostasis and limit damage. Other glial cells have different roles: astrocytes support neurons, maintain the blood–brain barrier, and form glial scar after injury; oligodendrocytes produce CNS myelin; ependymal cells line the ventricles and help circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

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